Naturalistic Decision Making
The naturalistic decision making (NDM) framework emerged as a means of studying how people make decisions and perform cognitively complex functions in demanding, real-world situations. These include situations marked by limited time, uncertainty, high stakes, team and organizational constraints, unstable conditions, and varying amounts of experience... The NDM movement originated at a conference in Dayton, Ohio in 1989, which resulted in a book (Decision Making in Action: Models and Methods ISBN:978-0-89391-943-6) by Gary Klein, Judith Orasanu, Roberta Calderwood, and Caroline Zsambok.[1] The NDM framework focuses on cognitive functions such as decision making, sensemaking, situational awareness, and planning – which emerge in natural settings and take forms that are not easily replicated in the laboratory. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalistic_decision-making
The Naturalistic Decision Making Framework:
- Identify Challenges
- Multiple players (games theory)
- Dynamic settings
- Uncertainty
- Organizational constraints
- Vague goals
- Understand Expertise
- Develop mental models
- Uncertainty management
- Identify leverage points
- Attention management
- Mental simulation and storyboarding
- Find common ground
- Creating courses of action
One approach: Cognitive Flexibility Theory
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