Complex Adaptive Systems

Many natural systems (e.g., brains, immune systems, ecologies, societies (Human System-s)) and increasingly, many artificial systems (parallel and Distributed Computing systems, Artificial Intelligence systems, artificial Neural Network-s, evolutionary programs) are characterized by apparently complex behaviors that emerge as a result of often nonlinear spatio-temporal interactions among a large number of component systems at different levels of organization. http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~honavar/alife.isu.html

http://www.brint.com/Systems.htm

Consilience case studies course at Princeton U 2000-2009. The difficulty in studying these relationships (among scientific and social-science schools of thought) arises from the behaviors that appear when small pieces are reassembled into the larger systems they comprise. This task often proves difficult, and the interaction of the pieces, complex. In the second half of the twentieth century, scientists began to look in earnest for Pattern-s that would help them reassemble this knowledge. Experts from fields as diverse as cognitive neuroscience, artificial intelligence, evolutionary biology, economics, and sociology have pooled their knowledge. The currently developing paradigm consists of the study of Complex Adaptive Systems (CASs). Taught by Clarence E Schutt and others.

http://www.casresearch.com/

http://complex.csu.edu.au/complex/

Cosma Shalizi says I say we call them adapters, and send "complex" home to get some rest, but no one listens to me. (Complex System-s)

• http://bactra.org/notebooks/adaptation.html

Dealing With Terrorism:

• Terrorism, Non Linearity, and Complex Adaptive Systems: http://www.cna.org/isaac/terrorism_and_cas.htm
• http://discuss.santafe.edu/terrorism/
• Russell Ackoff: "To Combat Terrorism, a Systems Approach is Vital"

http://cognitrn.psych.indiana.edu/rgoldsto/complex/